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We show that an adiabatic cycle excites Bose particles confined in aone-dimensional box. During the adiabatic cycle, a wall described by a$\delta$-shaped potential is applied and its strength and position are slowlyvaried. When the system is initially prepared in the ground state, namely, inthe zero-temperature equilibrium state, the adiabatic cycle brings all bosonsinto the first excited one-particle state, leaving the system in anonequilibrium state. The absorbed energy during the cycle is proportional tothe number of bosons.

Complete population inversion of Bose particles by an adiabatic cycle