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The theory of continuous phase transitions predicts the universal collectiveproperties of a physical system near a critical point, which for instancemanifest in characteristic power-law behaviours of physical observables. Thewell-established concept at or near equilibrium, universality, can alsocharacterize the physics of systems out of equilibrium. The most fundamentalinstance of a genuine non-equilibrium phase transition is the directedpercolation universality class, where a system switches from an absorbinginactive to a fluctuating active phase. Despite being known for several decadesit has been challenging to find experimental systems that manifest thistransition. Here we show theoretically that signatures of the directedpercolation universality class can be observed in an atomic system with longrange interactions. Moreover, we demonstrate that even mesoscopic ensembles ---which are currently studied experimentally --- are sufficient to observe tracesof this non-equilibrium phase transition in one, two and three dimensions.

Non-equilibrium universality in the dynamics of dissipative cold atomic gases