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We give a detailed description of electrodynamics as an emergent theory fromcondensed-matter-like structures, not only {\it per se} but also as a warm-upfor the study of the much more complex case of gravity. We will concentrate ontwo scenarios that, although qualitatively different, share some importantfeatures, with the idea of extracting the basic generic ingredients that giverise to emergent electrodynamics and, more generally, to gauge theories. Westart with Maxwell's mechanical model for electrodynamics, where Maxwell'sequations appear as dynamical consistency conditions. We next take a superfluid$^3$He-like system as representative of a broad class of fermionic quantumsystems whose low-energy physics reproduces classical electrodynamics (Diracand Maxwell equations as dynamical low-energy laws). An important lesson thatcan be derived from both analyses is that the vector potential has amicroscopic physical reality and that it is only in the low-energy regime thatthis physical reality is blurred in favour of gauge invariance, which inaddition turns out to be secondary to effective Lorentz invariance.

Electromagnetism as an emergent phenomenon: a step-by-step guide