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We report the characterization of a universal set of logic gates for one-wayquantum computing using a four-photon `star' cluster state generated by fusingphotons from two independent photonic crystal fibre sources. We obtain afidelity for the cluster state of 0.66 +/- 0.01 with respect to the ideal case.We perform quantum process tomography to completely characterize acontrolled-NOT, Hadamard and T gate all on the same compact entangled resource.Together, these operations make up a universal set of gates such that arbitraryquantum logic can be efficiently constructed from combinations of them. We findprocess fidelities with respect to the ideal cases of 0.64 +/- 0.01 for theCNOT, 0.67 +/- 0.03 for the Hadamard and 0.76 +/- 0.04 for the T gate. Thecharacterisation of these gates enables the simulation of larger protocols andalgorithms. As a basic example, we simulate a Swap gate consisting of threeconcatenated CNOT gates. Our work provides some pragmatic insights into theprospects for building up to a fully scalable and fault-tolerant one-wayquantum computer with photons in realistic conditions.

Experimental characterization of universal one-way quantum computing