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NV centers in diamond are generally recognized as highly promising asindefinitely stable highly efficient single-photon sources. We report anexperimental quantification of the brightness, radiative decay rate,nonradiative decay rate and quantum efficiency of single NV centers in diamondnanocrystals. Our experiments show that the commonly observed large spread influorescence decay rates of NV centers in nanodiamond is inconsistent with thecommon explanation of large nanophotonic mode-density variations in theultra-small high-index crystals at near-unity quantum efficiency. We reportthat NV centers in 25 nm nanocrystals are essentially insensitive to localdensity of states (LDOS) variations that we induce at a dielectric interface byusing liquids to vary the refractive index, and propose that quantumefficiencies in such nanocrystals are widely distributed between 0% and 20%.For single NV centers in larger 100 nm nanocrystals, we show that decay ratechanges can be reversibly induced by nanomechanically approaching a mirror tochange the LDOS. Using this scanning mirror method, for the first time wereport calibrated quantum efficiencies of NV centers, and show that differentbut nominally identical nanocrystals have widely distributed quantumefficiencies between 10% and 90%. Our measurements imply that nanocrystals thatare to be assembled into hybrid photonic structures for cavity QED should firstbe individually screened to assess fluorescence properties in detail.

Suitability of nanodiamond NV centers for spontaneous emission control experiments