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Entanglement properties of Gaussian states of light as well as the securityof continuous variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian states infree-space fading channels are studied. These qualities are shown to besensitive to the statistical properties of the transmittance distribution inthe cases when entanglement is strong or when channel excess noise is present.Fading, i.e. transmission fluctuations, caused by beam wandering due toatmospheric turbulence, is a frequent challenge in free-space communication. Weintroduce a method of fading discrimination and subsequent post-selection ofthe corresponding sub-states and show that it can improve the entanglementresource and restore the security of the key distribution over a realisticfading link. Furthermore, the optimal post-selection strategy in combinationwith an optimized entangled resource is shown to drastically increase theprotocol robustness to excess noise, which is confirmed for experimentallymeasured fading channel characteristics. The stability of the result againstfinite data ensemble size and imperfect channel estimation is also addressed.

Entanglement of Gaussian states and the applicability to quantum key distribution over fading channels