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We investigate the wavelength dependent ionization, heating, and expansiondynamics of medium-sized rare-gas clusters (Ar$_{923}$) under intensefemtosecond short-wavelength free electron laser pulses by quasi-classicalmolecular dynamics simulations. A comparison of the interaction dynamics forpulses with $\hbar\omega$=20, 38, and 90\,eV photon energy at fixed totalexcitation energy indicates a smooth transition from plasma-driven clusterexpansion, where predominantly surface ions are expelled by hydrodynamicforces, to quasi-electrostatic behavior with almost pure Coulomb explosion.Corresponding signatures in the time-dependent cluster dynamics as well as inthe final ion and electron spectra support that this transition is linked to acrossover in the electron emission processes. The resulting signatures in theelectron spectra are shown to be even more reliable for identifying the clusterexpansion mechanisms than ion energy spectra itself.

new journal of physics

Rare-gas clusters in intense VUV, XUV and soft x-ray pulses: Signatures  of the transition from nanoplasma-driven cluster expansion to Coulomb  explosion in ion and electron spectra