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The deformation of thin spherical shells by applying an external pressure or by reducing the volume is studied by computer simulations and scaling arguments. The shape of the deformed shells depends on the deformation rate, the reduced volume V/V-0 and the Foppl-von Karman number gamma. For slow deformations the shell attains its ground state, a shell with a single indentation, whereas for large deformation rates the shell appears crumpled with many indentations. The rim of the single indentation undergoes a shape transition from smooth to polygonal for gamma similar or equal to 7000(Delta V/V-0)(-3/4). For the smooth rim the elastic energy scales like gamma(1/4) whereas for the polygonal indentation we find a much smaller exponent, even smaller than the exponent 1/6 that is predicted for stretching ridges. The relaxation of a shell with multiple indentations towards the ground state follows an Ostwald ripening type of pathway and depends on the compression rate and on the Foppl-von Karman number. The number of indentations decreases as a power law with time t following N-ind similar to t(-0.375) for gamma = 8 x 10(3) and gamma = 8 x 10(4) whereas for gamma = 8 x 10(5) the relaxation time is longer than the simulation time

Compression, crumpling and collapse of spherical shells and capsules