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We study the ground-state properties of ultracold bosons in an opticallattice in the regime of strong interactions. The system is described by anon-standard Bose-Hubbard model with both occupation-dependent tunneling andon-site interaction. We find that for sufficiently strong coupling the systemfeatures a phase-transition from a Mott insulator with one particle per site toa superfluid of spatially extended particle pairs living on top of the Mottbackground -- instead of the usual transition to a superfluid of singleparticles/holes. Increasing the interaction further, a superfluid of particlepairs localized on a single site (rather than being extended) on top of theMott background appears. This happens at the same interaction strength wherethe Mott-insulator phase with 2 particles per site is destroyed completely byparticle-hole fluctuations for arbitrarily small tunneling. In another regime,characterized by weak interaction, but high occupation numbers, we observe adynamical instability in the superfluid excitation spectrum. The new groundstate is a superfluid, forming a 2D slab, localized along one spatial directionthat is spontaneously chosen.

Bose-Hubbard model with occupation dependent parameters