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Graphene epitaxially grown on Ru(0001) displays a remarkably ordered patternof hills and valleys in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) images. To whichextent the observed "ripples" are structural or electronic in origin have beenmuch disputed recently. A combination of ultrahigh resolution STM images andHelium Atom diffraction data shows that i) the graphene lattice is rotated withrespect to the lattice of Ru and ii) the structural corrugation as determinedfrom He diffraction is substantially smaller (0.015 nm) than predicted (0.15nm) or reported from X-Ray Diffraction or Low Energy Electron Diffraction. Theelectronic corrugation, on the contrary, is strong enough to invert thecontrast between hills and valleys above +2.6 V as new, spatially localizedelectronic states enter the energy window of the STM. The large electroniccorrugation results in a nanostructured periodic landscape of electron andholes pockets.

Electronic and Geometric Corrugation of Periodically Rippled, Self-nanostructured Graphene Epitaxially Grown on Ru(0001)