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We show that Fresnel zone plates, fabricated in a solid surface, can sharplyfocus atomic Bose-Einstein condensates that quantum reflect from the surface orpass through the etched holes. The focusing process compresses the condensateby orders of magnitude despite inter-atomic repulsion. Crucially, the focusingdynamics are insensitive to quantum fluctuations of the atom cloud and largelypreserve the condensates' coherence, suggesting applications in passiveatom-optical elements, for example zone plate lenses that focus atomic matterwaves and light at the same point to strengthen their interaction. We exploretransmission zone-plate focusing of alkali atoms as a route to erasable andscalable lithography of quantum electronic components in two-dimensionalelectron gases embedded in semiconductor nanostructures. To do this, wecalculate the density profile of a two-dimensional electron gas immediatelybelow a patch of alkali atoms deposited on the surface of the nanostructure byzone-plate focusing. Our results reveal that surface-induced polarization ofonly a few thousand adsorbed atoms can locally deplete the electron gas. Weshow that, as a result, the focused deposition of alkali atoms by existing zoneplates can create quantum electronic components on the 50 nm scale, comparableto that attainable by ion beam implantation but with minimal damage to eitherthe nanostructure or electron gas.

Zone-plate focusing of Bose-Einstein condensates for atom optics and erasable high-speed lithography of quantum electronic components