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Applying time-dependent photoemission we unravel the graphene growth processon a metallic surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Graphene CVD growthis in stark contrast to the standard growth process of two--dimensional filmsbecause it is self-limiting and stops as soon as a monolayer graphene has beensynthesized. Most importantly, a novel phase of metastable graphene wasdiscovered that is characterized by permanent and simultaneous construction anddeconstruction. The high quality and large area graphene flakes arecharacterized by angle-resolved photoemission proofing that they are indeedmonolayer and cover the whole 1$\times$1 cm Nickel substrate. These findingsare of high relevance to the intensive search for reliable synthesis methodsfor large graphene flakes of controlled layer number.

Dynamics of graphene growth on a metal surface: a time-dependent photoemission study