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A transverse ratchet effect has been measured in magnetic/superconductinghybrid films fabricated by electron beam lithography and magnetron sputteringtechniques. The samples are Nb films grown on top of an array of Ninanotriangles. Injecting an ac current parallel to the triangle reflectionsymmetry axis yields an output dc voltage perpendicular to the current, due toa net motion of flux vortices in the superconductor. The effect is reproducedby numerical simulations of vortices as Langevin particles with realisticparameters. Simulations provide an intuitive picture of the ratchet mechanism,revealing the fundamental role played by the random intrinsic pinning of thesuperconductor.

Transverse ratchet effect and superconducting vortices: Simulation and experiment