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We present a novel imaging system for ultracold quantum gases in expansion.After release from a confining potential, atoms fall through a sheet ofresonant excitation laser light and the emitted fluorescence photons are imagedonto an amplified CCD camera using a high numerical aperture optical system.The imaging system reaches an extraordinary dynamic range, not attainable withconventional absorption imaging. We demonstrate single-atom detection fordilute atomic clouds with high efficiency where at the same time denseBose-Einstein condensates can be imaged without saturation or distortion. Thespatial resolution can reach the sampling limit as given by the 8 \mu m pixelsize in object space. Pulsed operation of the detector allows for slice images,a first step toward a 3D tomography of the measured object. The scheme caneasily be implemented for any atomic species and all optical components aresituated outside the vacuum system. As a first application we performthermometry on rubidium Bose-Einstein condensates created on an atom chip.

Single-particle-sensitive imaging of freely propagating ultracold atoms