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It is shown that the energy absorption of a rare-gas cluster from avacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) pulse can be traced with time-delayedextreme-ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond probe pulses by measuring the kineticenergy of the electrons detached by the probe pulse. By means of this scheme wedemonstrate, that for pump pulses as short as one femtosecond, the charging ofthe cluster proceeds during the formation of an electronic nano-plasma insidethe cluster. Using moderate harmonics for the VUV and high harmonics for theXUV pulse from the same near-infrared laser source, this scheme with welldefined time delays between pump and probe pulses should be experimentallyrealizable. Going to even shorter pulse durations we predict that pump andprobe pulses of about 250 attoseconds can induce and monitor non-equilibriumdynamics of the nano-plasma.

Tracing non-equilibrium plasma dynamics on the attosecond timescale in small clusters