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A recent experiment performed by S. S. Afshar et al. has been interpreted asa violation of Bohr's complementarity principle between interference visibilityand which-path information in a two-path interferometer. We have reproducedthis experiment, using true single-photon pulses propagating in a two-pathwavefront- splitting interferometer realized with a Fresnel's biprism, andfollowed by a grating with adjustable transmitting slits. The measured valuesof interference visibility V and which-path information, characterized by thedistinguishability parameter D, are found to obey the complementarity relationV^2+D^2=<1. This result demonstrates that the experiment can be perfectlyexplained by the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.

Illustration of quantum complementarity using single photons interfering on a grating