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Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are capable of highly accurate single particleenergy measurement. TESs have been used for a wide range of photon detectionapplications, particularly in astronomy, but very little consideration has beengiven to their capabilities as electron calorimeters. Existing electronspectrometers require electron filtering optics to achieve energydiscrimination, but this step discards the vast majority of electrons enteringthe instrument. TESs require no such energy filtering, meaning they couldprovide orders of magnitude improvement in measurement rate. To investigate thecapabilities of TESs in electron spectroscopy, a simulation pipeline has beendevised. The pipeline allows the results of a simulated experiment to becompared with the actual spectrum of the incident beam, thereby allowingmeasurement accuracy and efficiency to be studied. Using Fisher information,the energy resolution of the simulated detectors was also calculated, allowingthe intrinsic limitations of the detector to be separated from the specificdata analysis method used. The simulation platform has been used to compare theperformance of TESs with existing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)analysers. TESs cannot match the energy resolution of XPS analysers forhigh-precision measurements but have comparable or better resolutions for highcount rate applications. The measurement rate of a typical XPS analyser can bematched by an array of 10 TESs with 120 microsecond response times and there issignificant scope for improvement, without compromising energy resolution, byincreasing array size.

Simulation Method for Investigating the Use of Transition-Edge Sensors as Spectroscopic Electron Detectors