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The axion, a hypothetical elementary pseudoscalar, is expected to solve thestrong CP problem of QCD and is also a promising candidate for dark matter. Themost sensitive axion search experiments operate at millikelvin temperatures andhence rely on instrumentation that carries signals from a system at cryogenictemperatures to room temperature instrumentation. One of the biggest limitingfactors affecting the parameter scanning speed of these detectors is the noiseadded by the components in the signal detection chain. Since the firstamplifier in the chain limits the minimum noise, low-noise amplification is ofparamount importance. This paper reports on the operation of a flux-drivenJosephson parametric amplifier (JPA) operating at around 2.3 GHz with addednoise approaching the quantum limit. The JPA was employed as a first stageamplifier in an experimental setting similar to the ones used in haloscopeaxion detectors. By operating the JPA at a gain of 19 dB and cascading it withtwo cryogenic amplifiers operating at 4 K, noise temperatures as low as 120 mKwere achieved for the whole signal detection chain.

Characterization of a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier with near quantum-limited added noise for axion search experiments