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The anisotropy of the Fe-based superconductors is much smaller than that ofthe cuprates and the theoretical calculations. A credible understanding forthis experimental fact is still lacking up to now. Here we experimentally studythe magnetic-field-angle dependence of electronic resistivity in thesuperconducting phase of iron-based superconductorCaFe$_{0.882}$Co$_{0.118}$AsF, and find the strongest anisotropy effect of theupper critical field among the iron-based superconductors based on theframework of Ginzburg-Landau theory. The evidences of energy band structure andcharge density distribution from electronic structure calculations demonstratethat the observed strong anisotropic effect mainly comes from the strong ionicbonding in between the ions of Ca$^{2+}$ and F$^-$, which weakens theinterlayer coupling between the layers of FeAs and CaF. This finding provides asignificant insight into the nature of experimentally observed stronganisotropic effect of electronic resistivity, and also paves an avenue todesign exotic two dimensional artificial unconventional superconductors infuture.

Strong anisotropy effect in iron-based superconductor CaFe$_{0.882}$Co$_{0.118}$AsF