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Soft elastic composite materials can serve as actuators when they transformchanges in external fields into mechanical deformation. Here, we address thecorresponding deformational behavior of magnetic gels and elastomers,consisting of magnetizable colloidal particles in a soft polymeric matrix andexposed to external magnetic fields. Since many practical realizations of suchmaterials involve particulate inclusions of polydisperse size distributions, weconcentrate on the effect that mixed particle sizes have on the overalldeformational response. To perform a systematic study, our focus is on binarysize distributions. We systematically vary the fraction of larger particlesrelative to smaller ones and characterize the resulting magnetostrictivebehavior. The consequences for systems of various different spatial particlearrangements and different degrees of compressibility of the elastic matrix areevaluated. In parts, we observe a qualitative change in the overall responsefor selected systems of mixed particle sizes. Specifically, overall changes involume and relative elongations or contractions in response to an inducedmagnetization can be reversed into the opposite types of behavior. Our resultsshould apply to the characteristics of other soft elastic composite materialslike electrorheological gels and elastomers when exposed to external electricfields as well. Overall, we hope to stimulate the further investigation on thepurposeful use of mixed particle sizes as a means to design tailored requestedmaterial behavior.

Magnetically induced elastic deformations of magnetic gels and elastomers containing particles of mixed size