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In this paper we present and verify the non-linear simulation of anaspherical adaptive lens based on a piezo-glass sandwich membrane with combinedbending and buckling actuation. To predict the full non-linear piezoelectricbehavior, we measured the non-linear charge coefficient, hysteresis and creepeffects of the piezo material and inserted them into the FEM model using avirtual electric field. We further included and discussed the fabricationparameters -- glue layers and thermal stress -- and their variations. To verifyour simulations, we fabricated and measured a set of lenses with differentgeometries, where we found good agreement and show that their qualitativebehavior is also well described by a simple analytical model. We finallydiscuss the effects of the geometry on the electric response and find, e.g., anincreased focal power range from $\pm 4.5$ to $\pm 9\, \mathrm{m}^{-1}$ whenchanging the aperture from $14$ to $10\, \mathrm{mm}$.

Multiphysics simulation of the aspherical deformation of piezo-glass membrane lenses including hysteresis, fabrication and non-linear effects