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We investigate the full-cycle operation of a coaxial Packed Bed DielectricBarrier Discharge (PB-DBD) reactor operating in pure $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$. Thereactor is packed with high permittivity dielectric rods and is analyzed with atwo-dimensional (2D) self-consistent plasma model. We show that the PB-DBDoperation is governed by both glow and volume/surface streamer discharges,forming alternatively and non-uniformly inside the gas volume. The presence andsurface charging of the dielectric rods and dielectric layer is crucial for theinitiation, propagation, annihillation and afterglow of these microdischarges.Our calculations show maximum electron and $\mathrm{CO_{2}^{+}}$ densities inthe order $10^{20}$ $\mathrm{m^{-3}}$, an average discharge power of 353.42W/m, microdischarge peak currents in the order of 50-400 A/m, total half-cycleplasma charge of around 6 $\mathrm{\mu}$C/m. Dominant negative ions are foundto be $\mathrm{CO_{3}^{-}}$. CO molecules and O atoms are mainly formed duringthe MDs development and the streamer-surface ionization waves. Molecular oxygen($\mathrm{O_{2}}$) is preferentially formed during the glow, current-decayingand afterglow phase of each microdischarge. The spatially average reducedelectric field inside the reactor lies in the 20-100 Td range. Each MD,presents distinct non-uniform and non-repeatable glow and volume/streamerdischarges owed to the non-uniform surface charging processes which dictate thecomplex spatial distribution of produced neutral (and ion) species. Thesedetailed results shed light on crucial, largely non-uniform plasmaspatiotemporal characteristics that can help design efficient PB-DBD reactorsfor $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$ splitting and beyond, while emphasizing the importantinsights obtained by 2D simulations which can not be captured with 0D-global or1D models.

plasma sources science and technology

Full cycle, self-consistent, two-dimensional analysis of a packed bed  DBD reactor for plasma-assisted $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$ splitting: spatiotemporal  inhomogeneous, glow to streamer to surface discharge transitions