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Laser-produced plasmas are bright, short sources of X-rays often used fortime-resolved imaging and spectroscopy. Absolute measurement requires accurateknowledge of laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiencies, spectrum, photon yield andangular distribution. Here we report on soft X-ray emission from a thin Si foilirradiated by a sub-PW picosecond laser pulse. These absolute measurementscover a continuous and broad spectral range that extends from 4.75 to 7.5Angstroms (1.7-2.6 keV). The X-ray spectrum consists of spectral linetransitions from highly charged ions and broadband emission with contributionsfrom recombination, and free-free processes that occur as electrons deceleratein plasma electromagnetic fields. These quantitative measurements are comparedto particle-in-cell simulations allowing us to distinguish bremsstrahlung andsynchrotron contributions to the free-free emission. We found that experimentand simulation estimations of laser-to-bremsstrahlung conversion efficiency arein a good agreement. This agreement illustrates the accuracy of experiment andphysical interpretation of the measurements.

Absolute keV X-ray yield and conversion efficiency in over dense Si petawatt laser plasma