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Objective: Establish suitable frequency spacing and demodulation steps to usewhen extracting impedance changes from frequency division multiplexed (FDM)carrier signals in peripheral nerve. Approach: Experiments were performedin-vitro on cadavers immediately following euthanasia. Neural activity wasevoked via stimulation of nerves in the hind paw, while carrier signals wereinjected, and recordings obtained, with a dual ring nerve cuff implanted on thesciatic nerve. Frequency analysis of recorded compound action potentials (CAPs)and extracted impedance changes, with the latter obtained using establisheddemodulation methods, were used to determine suitable frequency spacing ofcarrier signals, and bandpass filter (BPF) bandwidth and order, for a frequencymultiplexed signal. Main results: CAPs and impedance changes were dominant inthe frequency band 200 to 500 Hz and 100 to 200 Hz, respectively. A Tukeywindow was introduced to remove ringing from Gibbs phenomena. A +/- 750 Hz BPFbandwidth was selected to encompass 99.99 % of the frequency power of theimpedance change. Modelling predicted a minimum BPF order of 16 for 2 kHzspacing, and 10 for 4 kHz spacing, were required to avoid ringing from theneighbouring carrier signal, while FDM experiments verified BPF orders of 12and 8, respectively, were required. With a notch filter centred on theneighbouring signal, a BPF order of at least 6 or 4 was required for 2 and 4kHz, respectively. Significance: The results establish drive frequency spacingand demodulation settings for use in FDM electrical impedance tomography (EIT)experiments, as well as a framework for their selection, and, for the firsttime, demonstrates the viability of FDM-EIT of neural activity on peripheralnerve, which will be a central aspect of future real-time neural-EIT systemsand EIT-based neural prosthetics interfaces.

Extracting impedance changes from a frequency multiplexed signal during neural activity in sciatic nerve of rat: preliminary study in-vitro