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Synthetic transmit aperture (STA) ultrasound imaging is well known for idealfocusing in the full field of view. However, it suffers from lowsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and low frame rate, because each array element mustbe activated individually. In our previous study, we encoded all the arrayelements with partial Hadamard matrix and reconstructed the complete STAdataset with compressed sensing (CS) algorithm (CS-STA). As all the elementsare activated in each transmission and the number of transmissions is smallerthan that of STA, this method can achieve higher SNR and higher frame rate. Itsmain drawback is the time-consuming CS reconstruction. In this study, weaccelerate the complete STA dataset reconstruction with minimal l2-norm leastsquare method. Thanks of the orthogonality of partial Hadamard matrix, theminimal l2-norm least square solution can be easily calculated. The proposedmethod is tested with simulation data and experimental phantom and in-vivodata. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves ~5*10^3 timesfaster reconstruction speed than CS algorithm. The simulation resultsdemonstrate that the proposed method is capable of achieving the same accuracyfor STA dataset reconstruction as conventional CS-STA method. The simulations,phantom and in-vivo experiments show that the proposed method is capable ofimproving the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) and SNR withmaintained spatial resolution and fewer transmissions, compared with STA. Inconclusion, the improved image quality and reduced computational time of LS-STApave the way for its real-time applications in the clinics.

Partial Hadamard Encoded Synthetic Transmit Aperture for High Frame Rate Imaging with Minimal l2-Norm Least Square Method