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All-optical spin reversal presents a new opportunity for spin manipulations,free of a magnetic field. Most of all-optical-spin-reversal ferromagnets arefound to have a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), but it has beenunknown whether PMA is necessary for the spin reversal. Here we theoreticallyinvestigate magnetic thin films with either PMA or in-plane magnetic anisotropy(IMA). Our results show that the spin reversal in IMA systems is possible, butonly with a longer laser pulse and within a narrow laser parameter region. Thespin reversal does not show a strong helicity dependence where the left- andright-circularly polarized light lead to the identical results. By contrast,the spin reversal in PMA systems is robust, provided both the spin angularmomentum and laser field are strong enough while the magnetic anisotropy itselfis not too strong. This explains why experimentally the majority of all-opticalspin-reversal samples are found to have strong PMA and why spins in Fenanoparticles only cant out of plane. It is the laser-induced spin-orbit torquethat plays a key role in the spin reversal. Surprisingly, the same spin-orbittorque results in laser-induced spin rectification in spin-mixed configuration,a prediction that can be tested experimentally. Our results clearly point outthat PMA is essential to the spin reversal, though there is an opportunity forin-plane spin reversal.

Is perpendicular magnetic anisotropy essential to all-optical ultrafast spin reversal in ferromagnets?