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We present a Monte Carlo (MC) grid-based model for the drying of drops of ananoparticle suspension upon a heterogeneous surface. The model consists of ageneralised lattice-gas in which the interaction parameters in the Hamiltoniancan be varied to model different properties of the materials involved. We showhow to choose correctly the interactions, to minimise the effects of theunderlying grid so that hemispherical droplets form. We also include theeffects of surface roughness to examine the effects of contact-line pinning onthe dynamics. When there is a `lid' above the system, which preventsevaporation, equilibrium drops form on the surface, which we use to determinethe contact angle and how it varies as the parameters of the model are changed.This enables us to relate the interaction parameters to the materials used inapplications. The model has also been applied to drying on heterogeneoussurfaces, in particular to the case where the suspension is deposited on asurface consisting of a pair of hydrophilic conducting metal surfaces that areeither side of a band of hydrophobic insulating polymer. This situation occurswhen using inkjet printing to manufacture electrical connections between themetallic parts of the surface. The process is not always without problems,since the liquid can dewet from the hydrophobic part of the surface, breakingthe bridge before the drying process is complete. The MC model reproduces theobserved dewetting, allowing the parameters to be varied so that the conditionsfor the best connection can be established. We show that if the hydrophobicportion of the surface is located at a step below the height of theneighbouring metal, the chance of dewetting of the liquid during the dryingprocess is significantly reduced.

Modelling the evaporation of nanoparticle suspensions from heterogeneous surfaces