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Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are ground-based indirectdetectors for cosmic gamma rays with energies above tens of GeV. The majorbackgrounds for gamma-ray observations in IACTs are cosmic-ray chargedparticles. The capability to reject these backgrounds is the most importantfactor determining the gamma-ray sensitivity of IACT systems. Monte Carlosimulations are used to estimate the residual background rates and sensitivityof the systems during the design and construction phase. Uncertainties in themodeling of high-energy hadronic interactions of cosmic rays with nuclei in theair propagate into the estimates of residual background rates and subsequentlyinto the estimated instrument sensitivity. We investigate the influence of thedifference in the current hadronic interaction models on the estimatedgamma-ray sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array using four interactionmodels (QGSJET-II-03, QGSJET-II-04, EPOS-LHC, and SIBYLL2.3c) implemented inthe air shower simulation tool CORSIKA. Variations in background rates of up toa factor 2 with respect to QGSJET-II-03 are observed between the models, mainlydue to differences in the $\pi^0$ production spectrum. These lead to ~30%differences in the estimated gamma-ray sensitivity in the 1 - 30 TeV region,assuming a 50-hour observation of a gamma-ray point-like source. The presentedresults also show that IACTs have a significant capability in the verificationof hadronic interaction models.

Effect of the uncertainty in the hadronic interaction models on the estimation of the sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array