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The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to $\gamma$-raywavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the universe. However,at PeV (10$^{15}$ eV) energies and above, most of the universe is impenetrableto photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore themost extreme environments of the universe where black holes, neutron stars, andstellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays.The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window onthe universe. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generationinstrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processesand environments that govern the universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2is designed to: 1) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeVenergies; 2) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messengerobservations; 3) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energyparticles in the universe; 4) Probe fundamental physics with high-energyneutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the annual rate of observed cosmicneutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detectsources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through theaddition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by severalorders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years andcost about \$350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033.IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era ofmulti-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of thehigh-energy universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only inconcert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum andgravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years.

IceCube-Gen2: The Window to the Extreme Universe