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Proton-nucleus collisions serve as an important baseline for theunderstanding and interpretation of the nucleus-nucleus collisions. Thesecollisions have been employed to characterize the cold nuclear matter effectsat SPS and RHIC energies for the past several years, as it was thought thatQuark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is not formed in such collisions. However, at theLarge Hadron Collider (LHC), there seems a possibility that QGP is formedduring proton-lead (p$-$Pb) collisions. In this work, we have derived anexpression for gluon induced excitation of $J/\psi$ to $\psi(2S)$, usingpNRQCD, and show that the relative enhancement of $\psi(2S)$ vis a vis$J/\psi$, especially at high $p_T$, gives further indication that the QGP isindeed formed in p$-$Pb collisions at the most central collisions at LHCenergy. $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ suppression effects seen at ALICE are alsoqualitatively explained.

$\psi(2S)$ enhancement in p-Pb collision as an indication of QGP formation at the LHC