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Chromium trihalides, CrX$_3$ (with X = Cl, Br, I), are a family of layeredmagnetic materials that can be easily exfoliated to provide ferromagneticmonolayers. When two layers are stacked together to form a bilayer theinterlayer exchange coupling can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagneticdepending on the stacking sequence. Here we combine crystallographic argumentsbased on the close-packing condition with first-principles simulations toenumerate all possible stacking patterns in CrX$_3$ bilayers that preserve thespatial periodicity of each layer. We recover all configurations observed inbulk crystals and disclose stacking sequences with no bulk counterpart wherethe two layers have opposite chirality. Stacking sequences are ranked accordingto their relative stability and a preferential interlayer magnetic ordering isassigned to each of them. Simulations provide a consistent picture to frame allcurrent experimental observations on bulk and exfoliated CrX$_3$ crystals, withinteresting implications for future measurements, including synthetic bilayerswith non-standard stacking patterns.

Magnetism and stability of all primitive stacking patterns in bilayer chromium trihalides