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We demonstrate that electromagnons can be used to directly probe the natureof a phase transition between magnetically ordered phases in an improperferroelectric. The antiferromagnetic/paraelectric toantiferromagnetic/ferroelectric phase transition in Cu$_{1-x}$Zn$_{x}$O ($x=0,0.05$) alloys was tracked via the electromagnon response using terahertztime-domain spectroscopy, on heating and cooling through the phase transition.The transition was found to exhibit thermal hysteresis, confirming itsfirst-order nature, and to broaden under the influence of spin-disorder upon Znsubstitution. The energy of the electromagnon increases upon alloying, as aresult of the non-magnetic ions modifying the magnetic interactions that giverise to the multiferroic phase and electromagnons. We describe our findings inthe context of recent theoretical work that examined improper ferroelectricityand electromagnons in CuO from phenomenological and first-principlesapproaches.

Tracking a hysteretic and disorder-broadened phase transition via the electromagnon response in improper ferroelectrics