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We carried out a joint theoretical and experimental study of the polarizationof high-order harmonics generated from ZnO by intense infrared laser pulses.Experimentally we found that the dependence of parallel and perpendicularpolarizations on the crystal orientation for all odd harmonics are nearlyidentical, but they are quite different from even harmonics which also showlittle order dependence. A one-dimensional two-band model, combined with alinear coupled excitation model, is shown to be able to explain the observedpolarization behavior, including low-order harmonics. We further note that thesame odd/even order contrast have been reported in a number of other crystals,despite that the harmonics were perceived to be generated via entirelydifferent mechanisms. We demonstrated that this universality is governed bycrystal symmetry, not by specific mechanisms. Thus, polarization measurementsof harmonics offers a powerful pure optical method for determining the crystalaxes as well as monitoring their ultrafast changes when crystals are undergoingdeformation. In addition, the ellipticity of harmonic has been studied. Itshows that ellipticity of high-order harmonics from solids can be tunedprecisely by changing the bond structure of the sample.

Crystal Symmetry and Polarization of High-order Harmonics in ZnO