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Terrestrial gravity fluctuations produce so-called Newtonian noise (NN) whichis expected to limit the low frequency sensitivity of existinggravitational-waves (GW) detectors LIGO and Virgo, when they will reach theirfull potential, and of next-generation detectors like the Einstein Telescope.In this paper, we present a detailed characterization of the seismic field atVirgo's West End Building as part of the development of a Newtonian noisecancellation system. The cancellation system will use optimally filtered datafrom a seismometer array to produce an estimate of the Newtonian-noisegenerated by the seismic field, and to subtract this estimate from thegravitational-wave channel of the detector. By using an array of 38 seismicsensors, we show that, despite the influence of the complexity of Virgo'sinfrastructure on the correlation across the array, Wiener filtering can stillbe very efficient in reconstructing the seismic field around the test-masslocation. Taking into account the division of the building's foundations intoseparate concrete slabs, and the different properties of the seismic fieldacross them, we conclude that the arrays to be used for the Newtonian-noisecancellation at Virgo will require a relatively large number of seismometersper test mass, i.e. significantly more than 10. Moreover, observed variationsof the absolute noise residuals over time, related to the daily evolution ofanthropogenic noise, suggest that the Wiener filter will need to be updatedregularly, probably more often than every hour, to achieve stationarity of thebackground level after subtraction.

Seismic array measurements at Virgo's West End Building for the configuration of a Newtonian-noise cancellation system