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Gravitational-wave (GW) laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO transducespacetime strain into optical power fluctuation. Converting this optical powerfluctuations back into an estimated spacetime strain requires a calibrationprocess that accounts for both the interferometer's optomechanical response andthe feedback control loop used to control the interferometer test masses.Systematic errors in the calibration parameters lead to systematic errors inthe GW strain estimate, and hence to systematic errors in the astrophysicalparameter estimates in a particular GW signal. In this work we examine thiseffect for a GW signal similar to GW150914, both for a low-power detectoroperation similar to the first and second Advanced LIGO observing runs and fora higher-power operation with detuned signal extraction. We set requirements onthe accuracy of the calibration such that the astrophysical parameterestimation is limited by errors introduced by random detector noise, ratherthan calibration systematics. We also examine the impact of systematiccalibration errors on the possible detection of a massive graviton.

Systematic calibration error requirements for gravitational-wave detectors via the Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound