English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We numerically study the dynamics of false vacuum bubbles which are inside analmost flat background; we assumed spherical symmetry and the size of thebubble is smaller than the size of the background horizon. According to thethin shell approximation and the null energy condition, if the bubble isoutside of a Schwarzschild black hole, unless we assume Farhi-Guth-Guventunneling, expanding and inflating solutions are impossible. In this paper, weextend our method to beyond the thin shell approximation: we include thedynamics of fields and assume that the transition layer between a true vacuumand a false vacuum has non-zero thickness. If a shell has sufficiently lowenergy, as expected from the thin shell approximation, it collapses (Type 1).However, if the shell has sufficiently large energy, it tends to expand. Here,via the field dynamics, field values of inside of the shell slowly roll down tothe true vacuum and hence the shell does not inflate (Type 2). If we addsufficient exotic matters to regularize the curvature near the shell, inflationmay be possible without assuming Farhi-Guth-Guven tunneling. In this case, awormhole is dynamically generated around the shell (Type 3). By tuning oursimulation parameters, we could find transitions between Type 1 and Type 2, aswell as between Type 2 and Type 3. Between Type 2 and Type 3, we could findanother class of solutions (Type 4). Finally, we discuss the generation of abubble universe and the violation of unitarity. We conclude that the existenceof a certain combination of exotic matter fields violates unitarity.

Dynamics of false vacuum bubbles: beyond the thin shell approximation