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Recent developments in string theory have led to "realistic" stringcompactifications which lead to moduli stabilization while generating ahierarchy between the Electroweak and Planck scales at the same time. However,this seems to suggest a rethink of our standard notions of cosmologicalevolution after the end of inflation and before the beginning of BBN. We arguethat within classes of realistic string compactifications, there genericallyexists a light modulus with a mass comparable to that of the gravitino whichgenerates a large late-time entropy when it decays. Therefore, all knownmechanisms of generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe in the literaturehave to take this fact into account. In this work, we find that it is stillpossible to naturally generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe aswell as light left-handed neutrino masses from a period of Affleck-Dine(AD)leptogenesis shortly after the end of inflation, in classes of realistic stringconstructions with a minimal extension of the MSSM below the unification scale(consisting only of right-handed neutrinos) and satisfying certain microscopiccriteria described in the text. The consequences are as follows. The lightestleft-handed neutrino is required to be virtually massless. The moduli(gravitino) problem can be naturally solved in this framework both withingravity and gauge mediation. The observed upper bound on the relic abundanceconstrains the moduli-matter and moduli-gravitino couplings since the DM isproduced non-thermally within this framework. Finally, although not a definiteprediction, the framework naturally allows a light right-handed neutrino andsneutrinos around the electroweak scale which could have important implicationsfor DM as well as the LHC.

Neutrino Masses, Baryon Asymmetry, Dark Matter and the Moduli Problem : A Complete Framework