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The two particle-in-cell codes EDIPIC and LSP are benchmarked and validatedfor a parallel-plate glow discharge in helium, in which the axial electricfield had been carefully measured, primarily to investigate and improve thefidelity of their collision models. The scattering anisotropy ofelectron-impact ionization, as well as the value of the secondary-electronemission yield, are not well known in this case. The experimental uncertaintyfor the emission yield corresponds to a factor of two variation in the cathodecurrent. If the emission yield is tuned to make the cathode current computed byeach code match the experiment, the computed electric fields are in excellentagreement with each other, and within about 10\% of the experimental value. Thenon-monotonic variation of the width of the cathode fall with the appliedvoltage seen in the experiment is reproduced by both codes. The electrontemperature in the negative glow is within experimental error bars for bothcodes, but the density of slow trapped electrons is underestimated. A moredetailed code comparison done for several synthetic cases of electron-beaminjection into helium gas shows that the codes are in excellent agreement forionization rate, as well as for elastic and excitation collisions withisotropic scattering pattern. The remaining significant discrepancies betweenthe two codes are due to differences in their electron binary-collision models,and for anisotropic scattering due to elastic and excitation collisions.

Validation and benchmarking of two particle-in-cell codes for a glow discharge