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We study the variance and kurtosis of the net-baryon number in a fluiddynamical model for heavy-ion collisions. It is based on an effective chiralmodel with dilatons for the strong coupling regime of QCD. Taking into accountspinodal instabilities, we demonstrate that this model exhibits a divergingquark number susceptibility and kurtosis all along the spinodal lines of thefirst-order phase transition, with a change of universality class at thecritical end point. During the (3+1) dimensional expansion of a hot and densefireball, instabilities are created by fluctuations in the explicitlypropagated chiral and dilaton field. We find a clear enhancement ofevent-by-event fluctuations of the baryon number at the critical point andfirst-order phase transition in comparison with an evolution through thecrossover region.

Net-baryon number variance and kurtosis within nonequilibrium chiral fluid dynamics