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Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigatedby large-area ground based detector installations, observing various componentsof the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect accessto the primary cosmic ray spectrum a steepening of the power-law falls off ataround 3-5 PeV, known as the {\em knee} has been identified. Differentexperimental techniques are used to deduce mass- and energy-sensitiveobservables of EAS experiments. The experiments involve measurements ofsecondary particle distributions at various observation levels and of muonsdeep underground as well as of observables reconstructed by measuring the airCherenkov light emitted with the shower development in the atmosphere. Recentlymethods for analysing multidimensional distributions get favoured since theyare able to take into account the correlations between different observablesand the influence of large intrinsic fluctuations of the air-showerdevelopment. Additionally the use of a larger set of observables provides thepossibility to test simultaneously the consistency of the Monte-Carlo modelsunderlying the reconstruction procedures. By many experiments the existence ofthe knee in the primary energy spectrum is confirmed and a tendency of anincreasing mean mass above the knee energy is indicated. Recent results showthat the knee originates from a decrease of the flux of light primaryparticles, whereas heavy cosmic ray particles seem to miss a kink in the energyrange of 1 and 10 PeV.Comment: 12 pages, talk given at the 18th European Cosmic Ray Symposium,  Moscow, July 2002; Journal Physics G accepte

Energy spectrum and mass composition around the knee by EAS measurements