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The influence of YBa2Cu3O4 (YBCO) superconductor layer (S-layer) with varyingthickness d-YBCO = 20 to 50 nm on the magnetic coupling between twoLa0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) ferromagnet layers (F-layer, thickness d-LCMO = 50 nm)in F/S/F heterostructures (HSs) was investigated by measuring globalmagnetization (M) in a temperature (T) range = 2 - 300 K and magnetic field (H)range = 0 - 10 kOe. All the HSs were superconducting with critical temperature(Tc) decreasing from = 78 to 36 K with decrease in d-YBCO, whereas theferromagnetic ordering temperature Tm = 250 K did not change much.Systematically measured M-H loops of all HSs at both T > Tc and T < Tc showthree main results- (a) the two step magnetic reversal above Tc converts into afour step reversal below Tc in HSs with d-YBCO >= 30 nm, (b) the magnetic fieldcorresponding to the additional two switching steps and their magnitude showcharacteristic evolution with T and d-YBCO and (c) the HS with d-YBCO = 20 nmshows radically different behaviour, where the two step magnetic reversal aboveTc continues to persist below Tc and converts into a single step reversal at T<< Tc. The first two results indicate magnetostatic coupling between themagnetic domains and the vortices across the two F/S interfaces resulting inreversal dynamics different from that deep within the LCMO layers. Whereas, theresult c reveals indirect exchange coupling between LCMO layers through thesuperconducting YBCO layer, which is a clear experimental evidence ofcoexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in nm scale F/S/F HSsexpected theoretically by C.A.R. Sa de Melo (Physica C 387, 17-25 (2003)).

Crossover from magnetostatic to exchange coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 heterostructures