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In divalent Eu systems, the 4f local moment has a pure spin state J=S=7/2.Although the absence of orbital moment precludes crystal electric fieldeffects, we report a sizeable magnetic anisotropy in single crystals ofEuRh2Si2. We observed a surprisingly complex magnetic behavior with threesuccesive phase transitions. The Eu2+ moments order in a likelyamplitude-modulated structure below 24.5K, undergoing a further transition to astructure that is possibly of the equal moment type, and a first ordertransition at lower temperatures, presumably into a spin spiral structure. Thesharp metamagnetic transition observed at low fields applied perpendicular tothe hard axis is consistent with a change from a spiral to a fan structure.These magnetic structures are presumably formed by ferromagnetic planesperpendicular to the c axis, stacked antiferromagnetically along c but not oftype I, at least just below the ordering temperature. Since EuRh2Si2 isisoelectronic to EuFe2As2, our results are also relevant for the complexEu-magnetism observed there, especially for the transition from anantiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state observed in EuFe2P2 uponsubstituting As by P.

Complex and strongly anisotropic magnetism in the pure spin system EuRh2Si2