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The surface bound electronic states of three-dimensional topologicalinsulators, as well as the edge states in two-dimensional topologicalinsulators, are investigated in the presence of a circularly polarized light.The strong coupling between electrons and photons is found t o give rise to anenergy gap as well as a unique energy dispersion of the dressed states,different from both graphene and conventional two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG). The effects of electron-photon interaction, barrier height and width onthe electron tunneling through a p-n junction and on the ballistic conductancein topological insulators are demonstrated by numerical calculations. Acritical energy for an incident electron to tunnel perfectly through a barrieris predicted, where electrons behave as either massless Dirac-like or massiveSchrodinger-like particles above or below this threshold value. Additionally,these effects are compared with those in zigzag graphene nanoribbons and a2DEG. Both the similarities and the differences are demonstrated and explained.

Photon dressed electronic states in topological insulators: Tunneling and conductance