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It has been shown that the two different orientations of Stone-Wales (SW)defects, i.e. longitudinal and circumferential SW defects, on carbon nanotubes(CNTs) result in two different electronic structures. Based on densityfunctional theory we have shown that the longitudinal SW defects do not open abandgap near the Fermi energy, while a relatively small bandgap emerges intubes with circumferential defects. We argue that the bandgap opening in thepresence of circumferential SW defects is a consequence of long-range symmetrybreaking which can spread all the way along the tube. Specifically, thedistribution of contracted and stretched bond lengths due to the presence ofdefects, and hopping energies for low-energy electrons, i.e. the 2pz electrons,show two different patterns for the two types of defects. Interplay between thegeometric features and the electronic properties of the tubes have also beenstudied for different defect concentrations. Considering $\pi$-orbital chargedensity, it has also been shown that the deviations of bond lengths from theirrelaxed length result in different doping for two defect orientations aroundthe defects -- electron-rich for a circumferential defect and hole-rich for alongitudinal one. We have also shown that, in the tubes having both types ofdefects, circumferential defects would dominate and impose their electronicproperties.

Stone-Wales defects can cause a metal-semiconductor transition in carbon nanotubes depending on their orientation