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The external electric field deforms flaccid phospholipid vesicles intospheroidal bodies, with the rotational axis aligned with its direction.Deformation is frequency dependent: in the low frequency range (~ 1 kHz), thedeformation is typically prolate, while increasing the frequency to the 10 kHzrange changes the deformation to oblate. We attempt to explain this behaviourwith a theoretical model, based on the minimization of the total free energy ofthe vesicle. The energy terms taken into account include the membrane bendingenergy and the energy of the electric field. The latter is calculated from theelectric field via the Maxwell stress tensor, where the membrane is modelled asanisotropic lossy dielectric. Vesicle deformation in response to varyingfrequency is calculated numerically. Using a series expansion, we also derive asimplified expression for the deformation, which retains the frequencydependence of the exact expression and may provide a better substitute for theseries expansion used by Winterhalter and Helfrich, which was found to be validonly in the limit of low frequencies. The model with the anisotropic membranepermittivity imposes two constraints on the values of material constants:tangential component of dielectric permittivity tensor of the phospholipidmembrane must exceed its radial component by approximately a factor of 3; andthe membrane conductivity has to be relatively high, approximately one tenth ofthe conductivity of the external aqueous medium.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens.  Matte

journal of physics. condensed matter

The prolate-to-oblate shape transition of phospholipid vesicles in response to frequency variation of an AC electric field can be explained by the dielectric anisotropy of a phospholipid bilayer