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The classic theory of electron field emission from a cold metal surface dueto Fowler and Nordheim (FN) is re-examined and found to violate the validitycriteria for the WKB approximation, for electric fields greater than about 1Vper micron. In this study we shall examine the complete solution withoutinvoking the WKB approximation in order to assess the reliability of the FNtheory as widely used for the interpretation of experimental data. Particularproblems occur when the barrier height (and therefore indirectly also thewidth) is significantly reduced by the image or some external effects. Furtherrefinement of the theory will be discussed by considering the effects ofscreening, which can be one mechanism for the barrier height reduction, inaddition to the widely known negative affinity of diamond like carbon systems.A comparison with experimental data from carbon field emitters shows that theenhanced current found in this paper may provide an explanation for strongfield emission observed recently in carbon based samples.Comment: 18 pages and 6 figure

Dynamical resonance tunnelling—a theory of giant emission from carbon field emitters