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Josephson tunneling between YBCO and Pb with the current flowing along thec-axis of the YBCO is persumed to come from an s-wave component of thesuperconductivity of the YBCO. Experiments on multi-twin samples are notentirely consistent with this hypothesis. The sign change of the s-wave orderparameter across the N_T twin boundaries should give cancelations, resulting ina small $(\sqrt{N})$ tunneling current. The actual current is larger than this.We present a theory of this unexpectedly large current based upon a surfaceeffect: disorder-induced supression of the d-wave component at the (001)surface leads to s-wave coherence across the twin boundaries and a non-randomtunneling current. We solve the case of an ordered array of d+s and d-s twins,and estimate that the twin size at which s-wave surface coherence occurs isconsistent with typical sizes observed in experiments. In this picture, thereis a phase difference of $\pi/2$ between different surfaces of the material. Wepropose a corner junction experiment to test this picture.Comment: 5 pages, 4 eps figure

c-axis Josephson tunnelling in twinned YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) crystals

c-axis Josephson tunnelling in twinned YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(YBCO) crystals