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Silver (Ag) is an established additive for improving the mechanicalproperties of single grain, (RE)BCO bulk superconductors (where RE = Sm, Gd andY). The presence of Ag in the (RE)BCO bulk composition, however, typicallyreduces the melting temperature of the single crystal seed in the top seededmelt growth (TSMG) process, which complicates significantly the controllednucleation and subsequent epitaxial growth of a single grain, which isessential for high field engineering applications. The reduced reliability ofthe seeding process in the presence of Ag is particularly acute for the SmBCOsystem, since the melting temperature of SmBCO is very close to that of thegeneric NdBCO(MgO) seed. SmBCO has the highest superconducting transitiontemperature, Tc, and exhibits the most pronounced "peak" effect at highermagnetic field of all materials in the family of (RE)BCO bulk superconductorsand, therefore, has the greatest potential for use in practical applications(compared to GdBCO and YBCO, in particular). Development of an effectiveseeding process, therefore, is one of the major challenges of the TSMG processfor the growth of large, high quantity single grain superconductors. In thispaper, we report a novel technique that involves introducing a buffer layerbetween the seed crystal and the precursor pellet, primarily to inhibit thediffusion of Ag from the green body to the seed during melt processing in orderto prevent the melting of the seed. The success rate of the seeding processusing this technique is 100% for relatively small batch samples. Thesuperconducting properties, Tc, Jc and trapped fields, of the single grainsfabricated using the buffers are reported and the micro-structures in thevicinity of the buffer of single grains fabricated by the modified techniqueare analysed.

A new seeding technique for the reliable fabrication of large, SmBCO single grains containing silver using top seeded melt growth