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We study quasiparticle tunneling in Josephson tunnel junctions embedded in anelectromagnetic environment. We identify tunneling processes that transferelectrical charge and couple to the environment in a way similar to that ofnormal electrons, and processes that mix electrons and holes and are thuscreating charge superpositions. The latter are sensitive to the phasedifference between the superconductor and are thus limited by phase diffusioneven at zero temperature. We show that the environmental coupling is suppressedin many environments, thus leading to lower quasiparticle decay rates and thusbetter superconductor qubit coherence than previously expected. Our approach isnonperturbative in the environmental coupling strength.

The effect of environmental coupling on tunneling of quasiparticles in Josephson junctions