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Magnesium diboride (MgB2) powder was mechanically alloyed by high energy ballmilling with C to a composition of Mg(B0.95C0.05)2 and then sintered at 1000 Cin a hot isostatic press. Milling times varied from 1 minute to 3000 minutes.Full C incorporation required only 30-60 min of milling. Grain size of sinteredsamples decreased with increased milling time to less than 30 nm for 20-50 hrsof milling. Milling had a weak detrimental effect on connectivity. Strongirreversibility field (H*) increase (from 13.3 T to 17.2 T at 4.2 K) due toincreased milling time was observed and correlated linearly with inverse grainsize (1/d). As a result, high field Jc benefited greatly from lengthy powdermilling. Jc(8 T, 4.2 K) peaked at > 80,000 A/cm2 with 1200 min of millingcompared with only ~ 26,000 A/cm2 for 60 min of milling. This non-compositionalperformance increase is attributed to grain refinement of the unsintered powderby milling, and to the probable suppression of grain growth by milling-inducedMgO nano-dispersions.

superconductor science and technology/superconductor science and technology

Nanoscale grains, high irreversibility field, and large critical current  density as a function of high energy ball milling time in C-doped magnesium  diboride